Kenya Pilots Shirika Plan to Integrate Refugees, Move Beyond Camps

Kenya, a nation hosting nearly a million refugees primarily from South Sudan and Somalia, is embarking on a significant policy change with the launch of the Shirika Plan. This initiative, developed alongside the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and rooted in Kenya’s 2021 Refugee Act, moves away from decades-long encampment towards integrating refugees into the fabric of society and the economy.

The Shirika Plan envisions transforming existing refugee camps into county-administered municipalities. This involves substantial investment in infrastructure such as roads, water systems, healthcare, and education, designed to benefit both refugee and host communities. The plan aligns with global refugee frameworks that encourage self-reliance and economic contribution over continuous emergency aid. It is structured around six pillars, including sustainable economic development and climate action, and is slated for implementation over three phases from 2025 to 2036, with an estimated budget of over $943 million.

Kenya’s push for this plan stems from its role as a regional hub for migrants, driven by relative stability. However, recent challenges, including a severe economic crisis and cuts in humanitarian aid, have pressured public services. The Shirika Plan aims to attract development financing and foster coexistence by creating shared economic opportunities and services, a shift from past security-focused concerns that previously led to threats of camp closure.

Success hinges on effective implementation, particularly during the initial transition phase. Securing adequate funding, with initial support including a significant World Bank loan, is critical. International backing has been secured, but the government must demonstrate tangible benefits for both refugee and host populations. Diversified revenue streams and building community resilience are key long-term goals.

However, the plan faces potential risks. A system of ‘differentiated assistance’ could inadvertently fuel tensions if perceived as preferential treatment. Moving vulnerable populations out of protected camp environments into competitive labor markets presents challenges. Ensuring inclusivity in decision-making and addressing public awareness are also critical. Furthermore, funding shortfalls could derail capacity-building efforts during the transition.

Despite these hurdles, the alternative of perpetual encampment for nearly a million individuals carries greater risks. The Shirika Plan offers a path to obsolescence for traditional camps, promoting local development and potentially empowering refugee-led organizations. The initiative represents a fundamental reorientation of Kenya’s refugee policy towards inclusion and shared prosperity.

This article is based on reporting from the Daily Monitor.